phone
History
1970 Laptop
Main article: History of mobile phones
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X phone analog Advanced Mobile mobile phone system in 1983
In 1908, U.S. Patent 887 357 for a mobile phone was issued to Nathan B. Stubblefield of Murray, Kentucky. He applied this patent to the radio "telephones and not directly cave to mobile telephony as the term is currently understood. Cells for stations GSM base were invented in 1947 by Bell Labs engineers at AT & T and others developed by Bell Labs in the 1960s. Radiotelephones have a long and varied history goes back to Reginald Fessenden's invention and ground-to-ship demonstration of radio telephony, through the Second World War with military use of radio links telephony and public administration in 1950, while mobile handheld devices are available since 1973. A patent for wireless phone know today first appeared in the U.S. patent number 3.44975 million George Sweigert of Euclid, Ohio, June 10, 1969.
In 1945, the zero generation (0G) of mobile phones has been developed [ref. Needed] Like other technologies of the time, is a powerful base station covering a wide area, and telephone number of each effectively monopolize a channel over the entire surface while in use.
In 1960, the world premiere of partially automated car Mobile Phone System A (MTA) | MTA has been launched in Sweden. With MTA can make calls and receive in the car to and from the public telephone network and your car can be paged. The phone number has been composed with a dial. Call the car was fully automatic, while calling for it requires an operator. The person who wanted to call a mobile phone should know what the mobile phone base station has been completed. The system was developed by Sture Laurn and other network engineers Televerket operator. Ericsson provided the distribution box Radioaktiebolaget Svenska (SRA), owned by Ericsson and Marconi, always and when the phones and base station equipment. MTA cell consisted of vacuum tubes and relays, and had a weight of 40 kg. In 1962, the latest version system called Mobile B (ATV) has launched, a touch-tone phone, and using logic to strengthen the capacity of the caller and improve reliability of operation. In 1971, BAT's version was launched, the opening of several brands of equipment and obtain a commercial success.
The concepts of frequency reuse and delivery, and a number of other concepts that form the basis of modern cell phone technology, have been described in the 1970s, see eg Nussbaum and Fluhrer, Hachenburg et al. And the United States Patent 4152647, issued May 1, 1979 Charles A. Gladden and H. Martin Parelman, in Las Vegas, Nevada and assigned by the United States Government.
Swallow Cooper, a Motorola researcher and executive is considered the inventor of the first mobile phone on hand for use in the hand in a non-vehicle. Cooper is the first inventor named "Radio Telephone System, filed October 17, 1973, the Office of the U.S. Patent and later published as U.S. Patent U.S. 3,906,166, other employees named in the patent includes the standard Cooper, John F. Mitchell, head of Motorola communications products with hands, which successfully pushed Motorola to develop wireless communication products be small enough for use outside the home, office or car and participated in the design of mobile phones. The use of a modern mobile phone if something heavy, Cooper made the first call on a Mobile phone, April 3, 1973 to a rival, Dr. Joel S. Engel Bell Laboratories.
Analog cellular (1G)
Main article: 1G
The first commercial network automated cellular (1G generation) was launched in Japan by NTT in 1979. The initial launch of the network covered the entire Tokyo metropolitan area more than 20 million inhabitants with a network of 23 cellular base stations. Within five years, the NTT network has expanded to cover the entire population of Japan and became the first national network of 2G.
The second pitch was 1G networks the simultaneous release of the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in 1981 .. NMT was the first mobile phone network with international roaming. The Swedish engineer electrical Mkitalo Sten started working on this vision in 1966 and is considered the father of the TNM system and some regard as the father cell phone.
Personal Handy-phone System phones and modems used in Japan around 19972003
Several countries were among the first to put 1G networks launched in early 1980, including the United States, Mexico and Canada. The network first launched 1G U.S. Chicago-based Ameritech was in 1983 the first hand of famous mobile phones Motorola DynaTAC. In 1984, Bell Labs developed modern commercial cellular technology (based, in large measure, the Gladden, Parelman Patent), which many employees, centralized base stations (cell sites), each service provides a small area (a cell). The cell sites would be established so that the cells overlap. In a cellular system, a signal between a base station (cell site) and a terminal (phone) must be strong enough to reach between the two, so that the same channel can be used simultaneously for talks separately in different cells.
The first phase of NMT facilities and the first settlements were based on AMPS Ericsson AXE digital exchange nodes.
Cellular systems necessary limits to various technologies, including transfer, which was used to carry on a conversation as a mobile phone traveled from cell to cell. This system included variable transmission power in base stations and the telephones (controlled by the base stations), allowing scope and size the cell to vary. As the system expanded and neared capacity, the ability of cells to reduce power transmission allows the addition of new, resulting in more, smaller cells and thus increased capacity. Evidence of this growth can still be seen in many old towers, large cell site no antennas on the tops of its towers. These sites originally created large cells, like their antennas mounted on tall towers, the towers were designed to that the system's antennas shrankhe expandednd cell size could be reduced in their original masts to reduce scope.
A phone GSM 1991
Digital mobile communications (2G)
Main article: 2G, 2.5G and 2.75G
First "modern technology" digital network 2G (second generation) cellular technology was launched by Radiolinja (now part of Elisa Group) in 1991 in Finland on the GSM standard which also marked the introduction of competition in mobile telecoms when Radiolinja challenged in place Telecom Finland (now part of TeliaSonera) who ran a 1G NMT network.
The data services appeared on mobile phones from person to person SMS messaging in Finland in 1993. First trial payments using a mobile phone mobile to pay for a distributor of Coca Cola were held in Finland in 1998. The first commercial payments were mobile parking tested in Sweden but first commercially Once launched in Norway in 1999. The payment system to imitate the first commercial banks and credit cards was launched in the Philippines in 1999 simultaneously by operators Globe and Smart phones. The first content sold to mobile phones was the ringing tone for the first time in 1998 Finland. The first full-service Internet on mobile phones has been introduced by NTT DoCoMo in Japan in 1999.
Mobile Broadband (3G)
Main article: 3G
In 2001, first commercial launch of 3G (Third Generation) was again in Japan by NTT DoCoMo on the WCDMA standard. The 2G CDMA 3G standard is now compatible with the adoption A revision of EV-DO. Revision A EV-DO several additions to the protocol while keeping it fully compatible with earlier versions of EV-DO.
These changes included the introduction of several new data link rate before the increase in the maximum rate of 2.45 Mbps to 3.1 Mbps Also included are protocols that reduce time to establish the connection (Called improve access channel MAC), the capacity for more than a phone to share the same slot (multi-user package) and introduction of QoS flags. All these were put in place to enable low latency, low-speed communications such as VoIP.
One of the latest 3G is the application of high-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA). This is an enhanced 3G (third generation) mobile telephone protocol packet high speed access (HSPA) family, has also forged 3.5G, 3G + or 3G turbo, which allows networks based on Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) to have improved transfer speed and capacity. Current HSDPA deployments support downlink speeds of 1.8, 3.6, 7.2 and 14.0 Mbit / s. Further increases in speed are available with HSPA +, which offers speeds up to 42 Mbit s downlink / and 84 Mbit / s with version 9 of the 3GPP standards.
Fourth-generation broadband (4G)
Main article: 4G
The new generation has recently published the fourth also known as Beyond 3G, is designed to provide Broadband wireless access with nominal data rate of 100 Mbit / s for fast mobile devices and stationary devices 1 Gbps defined by ITU-R 4G systems can be based on the LTE (3GPP Long Term Evolution) cellular standard, offering maximum flows of 326.4 Mbit / s. Perhaps it can also be based on WiMax or Flash-OFDM metropolitan wireless network technologies that promise of mobile broadband with speeds of 233 Mbps for mobile users reached. The radio interface in these systems are based on packet switching all-IP, MIMO diversity schemes, multi-carrier modulation dynamic channel allocation (DCA) and planning channel-dependent. A 4G system should be a complete replacement of existing network infrastructure and be able to provide a broad where intellectual property and secure voice, data and multimedia streaming can give users an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis, and much higher rates than previous generations. Sprint has a 4G network some areas. In 2011, more companies are expected to launch wireless broadband networks 4G.
Uses
Mobile phones are used for a variety purposes, and maintain contact with family members, conduct business and access to a phone in an emergency.
Organizations that help victims of violence home can provide a cell phone to potential victims unknown to the abuser. These devices are often old phones that are donated and refurbished to meet emergency needs of the victim.
predators of children have benefited from cell phones Communicating with children in secret without the knowledge of their parents or teachers.
The advent of text messaging has led to widespread in the novel cell phone, gender, first out of the old message mobile text to a Web site that collects the novels together. Paul Levinson, information in motion (2004), says: "… Today, a writer can write on anywhere as easily as the reader can read "and" not just "personal, but portable.
several phones
Individuals can have multiple phones for different purposes, such as business and personal use. multiple phones (or several SIM cards) can be used to enjoy the benefits call the various plans that include a plan could provide cheaper calls local calls, long distance, international calls or roaming. A study Motorola revealed that one of telephone subscribers ten has a second cell phone that is often kept secret from their families. These phones can be used to participate in activities whose extra-marital affairs or illegal conduct business.
Sharing
sharing of mobile phones is a phenomenon that exists throughout the world. It is common in urban India, families and groups of friends often share one or more mobile among its members. Two types of action that exist are "Visible" and "concealment" of sharing. A notable example of involvement is when someone calls the friend of the person they are trying to join in the hope of speaking with this individual, the latter type of exchange occurs when someone uses a cell phone to his knowledge. The phone does not share only take place because of its economic benefits, but also often due to family customs and traditional gender roles.
Another example of exchange mobile phone produced in Burkina Faso. Here, it is not uncommon for people only have access to a cell phone. The mobile phone ownership is generally a person not born in the village as a teacher or a missionary. Although cell phones are the exclusive property of an individual, it is expected that other members of the village allowed to use the cell phone to make necessary calls. Although some may consider this cost may actually be an opportunity to participate in the obligations mutual. This type of exchange of cell phones is an important element in small villages in Burkina Faso, because it allows them to keep expectations in the era of globalization.
Set
A Nokia phone with the box.
A printed circuit board inside your mobile phone
There are several categories of mobile phones, commodities such as cell phones have Musicphone and camera phones. There are also smartphones, the first smartphone was the Nokia 9000 Communicator in 1996 which incorporated PDA functionality to the mobile base phone at the moment. Due to miniaturization and increased processing power of chips has more features to be added to phones, the notion of text has changed, and what a high-end smartphone five years ago, is now a phone standard. Several telephones were introduced in response to a specific market segment, as RIM's BlackBerry focus on business / E-mail needs business, the SonyEricsson Walkman series of Musicphone and Cybershot camera phones, Nokia Nseries multimedia phones, Palm Pre HTC Dream and the iPhone Apple.
Features
Main sections: the characteristics of mobile phone and Smartphone
Phones often go beyond sending text messages and make voice calls, including call logs, GPS navigation, music (MP3) and video (MP4) playback, an RDS radio receiver, alarms, notes and save the document, the functions of organizer and personal digital assistant, the ability to view video or download video for later viewing, video calling, integrated camera (1.0 + MP) and camcorders (video recording) with autofocus and flash, ringtones, games, PTT, memory card reader (SD) USB (2.0), infrared port Bluetooth (2.0) and WiFi connectivity, instant messaging, Internet email and browsing and to serve as a wireless modem for a PC, and soon will also serve on the type of console online gaming and other high quality games. Some phones include a touch screen.
Nokia and Cambridge University have shown a foldable cell phone called Morph.
See also: videoconferencing for UMTS phones use type mobile video and audio simultaneously
Software and Applications
A phone with touch function.
Mobile phone subscribers per 100 19972007
The most widely used application in mobile data phones such as SMS text messages, with 74% of all mobile phone users and users assets (more than 2.4 to 3,300,000,000 total subscribers at the end of 2007). SMS text messaging worth 100 million dollars in annual revenue in 2007 and an average Global use of SMS messages sent per day is 2.6 per person through the mobile subscriber base (source Informa 2007). The first SMS text message was sent from a computer to a mobile phone in 1992 in the United Kingdom, while the first SMS from person to person to a phone was sent in Finland in 1993.
Others Data Services does not use SMS for mobile phones amounted to 31 billion dollars in 2007, and were led by mobile music, downloadable logos and images, games, gaming, adult entertainment and advertising (source: Informa 2007). The first download mobile content was sold to a telephone mobile in Finland in 1998, when Radiolinja (now Elisa) introduced the service of downloadable ringtone. In 1999, the Japanese mobile operator NTT DoCoMo launched its service of i-mode mobile Internet, which is today the leading global provider of mobile Internet services and about the same size as Google in annual revenues.
The first mobile news service, delivered via SMS was launched in Finland in 2000. Mobile services are expanding with relevant news providing "on demand" news services by SMS. Some also provide "instant" news pushed SMS. Mobile telephony also facilitates activism and public journalism to study Reuters and Yahoo and small independent news companies such as Jasmine News in Sri Lanka.
Companies are beginning to offer mobile services such as job search and career guidance. Consumers are increasing requests and include everything from guides information on local activities and events to mobile coupons and discount offers, you can use to save money on purchases. Even tools for creating sites web to mobile phones are increasingly available.
Mobile payments were first tested in Finland in 1998, when two of Coca-Cola machines Espoo vending able to work with SMS payments. Finally, the idea spread and in 1999, Argentina launched the first commercial payment systems for mobile mobile operators Globe and Smart. Today mobile payments ranging from mobile banking credit card phones are mobile commerce widely used in Asia and Africa, and in some European markets. For example, in the Philippines is not uncommon to have your paycheck is paid mobile account. In Kenya, the limit transfers money from one mobile banking account to another is one million U.S. dollars. In India paying utility bills with mobile gains 5% discount. In Estonia, mobile phones are the most popular method of paying public parking.
Food
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mobile phone charger services in Uganda
Mobile phones generally obtain power rechargeable batteries. There are a variety of media used to charge cell phones, including USB, laptop batteries, AC power (The use of an adapter), lighters (using an adapter) or a dynamo. In 2009, support for wireless networks has become a reality, and the first wireless charger has been released for consumer use.
Normalization micro-USB connector for charging
From 2010, many mobile phone manufacturers agreed to use micro-USB connector to recharge their phones. Manufacturers mobile phones that have agreed to this standard:
Apple
LG
Motorola
Nokia
Research In Motion
Samsung
Sony Ericsson
On February 17, 2009, the GSM Association announced they had agreed on a standard charger for mobile phones. The standard connector to be adopted by 17 manufacturers of the Open Mobile Terminal Platform including Nokia, Motorola and Samsung will be the micro-USB connector (various media reports erroneously reported the mini-USB). The new chargers will be much more effective than existing shippers. Having a standard charger for all phones means that manufacturers do not provide a charger with every new phone.
In addition, the October 22, 2009, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) announced it had embraced Micro USB magazine as the energy efficiency of the solution "of a single charger for all new mobile solution and UCS added:" On the basis of the interface micro USB chargers will also include a 4-star rating or greater efficiency three times more power than the charger is not classified. "
Charger efficiency
The five largest handset manufacturers introduced a new classification system in November 2008 to help consumers identify easier and more energy efficient chargers
Most energy loss in a mobile phone charger is in its lack of load when the mobile phone is not connected, but the charger is left plugged in and with power. To combat this in November 2008, the top five manufacturers Mobile phones Nokia, Samsung, LG Electronics, Sony Ericsson and Motorola introduced a star rating system to evaluate the effectiveness of their positions in the state empty. Zero for stars of> 0.5 W and climb to five star rating <0.03 W (30 MW) load step.
A number of companies offering semiconductor controllers flyback, like Power Integrations and CamSemi, now say that the level of five stars can be obtained from the use of their product.
Battery
Previously, the most common form of mobile phone batteries were nickel metal-hydride batteries which have a small size and weight. Batteries Lithium-ion batteries are sometimes used because they are lighter and have no battery voltage depression that nickel metal-hydride batteries do. Many mobile phone manufacturers have begun to use lithium polymer, unlike most lithium ion, the main advantages of this weight that is even lower and can cause the battery of a shape other than strict cuboid. Mobile phone makers have been experimenting with alternative energy sources, including solar cells, and Coca Cola.
SIM
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Main article: Subscriber Identity Module
Typical SIM card phone mobile
In a longer life battery, GSM mobile phones need a microchip, called Subscriber Identity Module or SIM card to work. On the size of a small label, the SIM card is usually placed under the battery in the rear of the unit, and (when it is operated) stores configuration data for the phone, and information on the phone itself, such as calling plan the subscriber is using. When the subscriber removes the SIM card can be re-inserted in another phone that is configured to accept the SIM cards and use them normally.
Each SIM card is activated by using a numerical identifier unique, once activated, the identifier is locked and the card is permanently locked to the activation of the network. For this reason, most retailers refuse to accept the return of an activated SIM card.
Cell phones do not use a SIM card data are programmed into its memory. These data are accessible through a particular sequence of numbers to access the "Movement" as in "Name" or number programming menu. From here you can add information as a new phone number, supplier numbers of new services, new emergency numbers, change your code authentication code or key, and update your preferred roaming list or PRL. However, to prevent someone from accidentally disabling their phone or removing it from the network, Service Provider puts a lock on this data called Master Subsidiary Lock or MSL.
The MSL also ensures that the provider receives payment by phone was purchased or lease. For example, the Motorola RAZR V9C cost up to $ 500 Canadian. According to the company as a phone can be available for just $ 200. The difference is paid by the customer in the form of a monthly bill. If the company does not use a MSL, then they risk losing $ 300 USD 400 the difference is paid the monthly bill, since some customers to cancel their service and take your phone to another company.
MSL SIM card apply only if a Once the contract is complete MSL still applies to the SIM card. The phone is however also a first immobilized by the manufacturer for service providers MSL. This lock can be disabled so that the phone can use other providers SIM card services. Most phones purchased outside the United States are unlocked phones, because there are many service providers close to each other or overlap of coverage. The cost to unlock a phone varies, but generally is very cheap and is sometimes supplied by independent phone providers.
Having an unlocked phone is very useful for travelers because of high cost of using MSL access providers outside the normal coverage area. It can cost up to 10 times more often to use a locked phone abroad in the service area normal, even with preferential rates. T-Mobile will offer SIM unlock code for account holders in good condition after 90 days according to your questions frequent.
For example, in Jamaica, an AT & T subscriber could pay more than U.S. $ 1.65 per minute for international services at reduced prices while B-Mobile (Jamaica) the customer would pay U.S. $ 0.20 per minute for the same service internationally. Some service providers focus sales in the approach to international sales regional sales. For example, the same B-Mobile customers could pay more for local calls, but less for calls international a subscriber to the Telephone Exchange and the Jamaica National C. W (Cable & Wireless) of the company. These rate differences are mainly due to fluctuations currency because the purchases are made in local currency SIM. In the U.S., this type of competition in the service does not exist because some of the major service providers do not offer Pay-As-You-Go services. Needs [Pay-As-You-Go T-Mobile rumored references, provide Verizon, AT & T has not since 12/2008]
Market
Market share your Q3/2008 manufacturers
The world's largest mobile phone operator is an individual with China Mobile over 500 million mobile phone subscribers. largest operator Mobile subscribers of Vodafone UK is based. There are over 600 mobile operators and companies in the world of commercial production. More than 50 mobile operators mobile with more than 10 million subscribers each, and more than 150 mobile operators have at least one million subscribers by end 2008 (source wireless data).
In Q3/2008 mobile phones, Nokia is the world's largest mobile phone maker, market share 39.4%, followed by Samsung (17.3%), Sony Ericsson (8.6%), Motorola (8.5%) and LG Electronics (7.7%). These manufacturers accounted for over 80% of all mobile phones sold at that time.
Other manufacturers, including Apple Inc., Audiovox (UTStarcom), Benefon, BenQ-Siemens, CECT, HTC Corporation, Fujitsu, Kyocera, Mitsubishi Electric, NEC, Neonode, Panasonic, Palm, Matsushita, Inc. Pantech Wireless, Philips, Qualcomm Inc., Research In Motion Ltd. (RIM), Sagem, Sanyo, Sharp, Siemens, Sendo, Sierra Wireless, SK Teletech, T & At Alcatel, Huawei, Trium, Toshiba [citation needed] and Vidalco. There are also specialist communication systems related (but separate) mobile phones.
Media
The mobile phone has become a communication channel masses in 1998 when first sold to mobile phone ringtones Radiolinja in Finland. Soon came other content such as news, games, jokes, horoscopes, content and advertising on television. In 2006, the total value of mobile phone paid media content exceeded Internet media content and was granted worth 31 billion dollars (source Informa 2007). The value of music on phones was worth 9.3 billion dollars in 2007 and the game was worth more than 5000 billion in 2007.
The mobile phone is often called the fourth screen (if counting cinema, TV and PC screen as the first three) or Third Screen (counting the TV screens and PC only). [Weasel words] It is also known as the seventh mass media (printing, recordings, film, radio, television and Internet the first six months). Most early content for mobile tended to be copies of existing materials such as banner ads or TV news highlight video clip. Recently unique content for mobile has become, ringtones and ringback tones in music of mobisodes, video content that has been produced exclusively for mobile phones.
The advent of media on the phone Mobile has also produced the opportunity to identify and track Alpha Users or Hubs, the most influential members of any social community. AMF companies measured in 2007 the relative accuracy of three media, and found that audience measures on mobile were nine times more accurate than the Internet and 90 times more accurate than television. [Original research?]
Privacy
Phones have privacy problems of many associated with them, and are regularly used by governments to carry out surveillance.
law enforcement and intelligence agencies in the United Kingdom and the United States have the technology to enable remote microphones in cell phones to hear conversations taking place near the person holding the phone.
Mobile phones are also commonly used to collect location data. The location of a mobile phone can be easily identified (if used or not), using technical of multilateration known to calculate the differences in time for a signal to travel from the cell phone each cell phone towers near the owner of the phone.
Restriction on the use
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There is an increasing body within the scientific community believes that mobile phone use health is a long-term risk, especially for young children. Some countries, like France, to restrict the use and sale of cell phones for miners for this reason. The telecommunications insdustry rejects these accusations, saying there was no evidence of long-term effects on health. The group of scientists, however, as U.S. – The group based on "BioInitiative (see www.bioinitiative.org) argue that because mobile phone use is a newly introduced technology, long-term evidence "has been impossible – and use should be limited or controlled by, while the technology is still new. The first generation of phone users cell, for example, are now in middle age. Studies in Europe, for example, are emerging that link the use of long-term cellular brain tumors. Other studies link use of mobile phones of childhood diabetes, impaired concentration and impaired sleep.
The use while driving
article of Security: Mobile phones and driving
Mobile phone use while driving is common but controversial. Being distracted behind the wheel of a motor vehicle has been shown to increase the risk of accidents. For this reason, many countries prohibit the use of mobile phones while driving. Egypt Israel, Japan, Portugal and Singapore ban on hand and mobile phone hands free while many other countries including the UK, France, USA and many states prohibit the use of single cell phone, allowing hands-free use.
Due to the increasing complexity of mobile phones as mobile computers more available on your mobile using any times introduced additional difficulties for the implementation of the right to say that use other drivers to use their devices. This is most evident in countries that prohibit the use of both hands and the hands-free, and not those who have banned the use of the fingers, that officials can not easily tell what the mobile phone function is used by just watching the video driver. This may mean that drivers can be arrested for illegal use your device in a phone call, so they do not and instead use the unit for legal purposes, such as mobile "Stereo Integrated navigation controls via satellite or car use either device as part of the clean vehicles or directly on the mobile phone itself.
Cases like these can often be otherwise demonstrate a record check by mobile operators call to see if the appeal has been taken during the trip. Although in many countries, official of the law may have stopped the driver for a different offense, for example, lack of care and attention in relation to their conduct.
Schools
Some schools limit or restrict the use of mobile phones. Schools impose restrictions on the use of mobile phones due to the use of cell phones to cheat on the test, harassment and intimidation, the source of threats to school safety, distractions for students and facilitate gossip and other social activities at school. Many phones phones are banned in schools and public swimming baths wardrobe, because of the camera that most phones are now equipped, although some countries and manufacturers have taken steps to protect privacy in areas such as stuffed bear audible noise, which can not be ref [with disabilities. Necessary]
A recently published study examined the impact of mobile phone use while cycling and its effects on behavior and safety.
Comparison with similar systems
Car phone
One type phone permanently installed in a vehicle, often have more powerful transmitters, an external antenna and speaker for handsfree use. They usually connect to networks as regular mobile phones.
Cordless Phone (mobile)
Mobile phones wireless using one or more radios in place of a wired headset. The terminals connect wirelessly to a base station, which in turn connects to a conventional landline calls. Unlike mobile phones, cordless phones use private base station (owned Land Customer-line), which are not shared.
Professional Mobile Radio
Advanced professional mobile radio systems can be very similar to mobile mobile. In particular, the IDEN standard has been used both as a private radio with shared resources and technology in a number of public providers. Similar attempts have been even made to use TETRA, the European digital PMR standard, to implement public mobile networks.
Radio Phone
It is a term that includes radios that could connect the telephone network. These phones can not be mobile, for example, may need a power supply, or require the submission the intervention of a human operator to set up a PSTN phone call.
Satellite Phone
This type of phone communicates directly with a satellite artificial, which in turn calls the relay base station or another satellite phone. A single satellite can provide coverage to a much larger area that land-based stations. Since satellite phones are costly, their use is generally limited to people in remote areas where there is no phone coverage mobile, such as climbers, sailors, and journalists on news sites disasters.
IP Phone
This type of offer or receive phone calls via Internet, LAN or WAN using VoIP, as opposed to traditional CDMA and GSM networks. In business, most of these IP phones are connected via Ethernet cable, wireless, but the varieties available. Several vendors have developed independent WiFi phones. In addition, some mobile phones are included the ability to place VoIP calls to cellular data networks, high-speed or wireless Internet.
See also
Phone radiation mobile health
Information Network exclusive clients
Flexible Keyboard
Caster
touchtone phone
Harvard sentences
Technology Information and Communication for Development
List of countries by number of mobile phone use
Mobile Internet Device (MID)
Staff Handy-phone System
smartphone
Pay As You Go (phone)
SIM
Mobile broadband
Attach
PDA
Netbook
portable
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^ Gopal, Thawattie (11-15 March 2007). "EVDO Rev. a control channel bandwidth for paging analysis. IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference. IEEE. pp. 32 627. DOI: 10.1109/WCNC.2007.601.
↑ AB Young Kyun Kim, Prasad, Ramjee (2006). 4G Leaf Road and communication technologies emerging. Artech House 2006. pp. 1213. ISBN 1-58053-931-9.
^ By RICHARD BROOKSThe Press-Enterprise (13/08/2007). Don Cell phones help battered women | San Bernardino County | PE.com | Southern California News | News lanes in Southern California. PE.com. http://www.pe.com/localnews/sbcounty/stories/PE_News_Local_S_helpphones13.3d74734.html. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
By Christy Oglesby CNN ^ (01/11/2008). "Cells, SMS give predators secret path to the children." CNN.com. Http: / / Www.cnn.com/2008/CRIME/01/11/teachers.charged/index.html. Retrieved 04/11/2009.
Goodyear ^, Dana (07/01/2009). "Letter from Japan: I Romans." The New Yorker. Http: / / www.newyorker.com/reporting/2008/12/22/081222fa_fact_goodyear. Retrieved on 07/29/2009.
^ "Millions UK | Mobile secret." BBC News. 16/10/2001. Http: / / news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/1602044.stm. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
Dar ^, Jonathan, and Steenson, Molly Wright. "Beyond modes of personal and private: Share mobile phones in urban India. "In the reconstruction of space and time: the practice of communication Mobile, edited by Rich Ling and Scott Campbell, 231-250. Piscatawy, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2008.
^ Hahn, Hans and Kibora, Ludovic. "The domestication of mobile telephony: an oral society and new ICT in Burkina Faso. "Journal of Modern African Studies 46 (2008): 87-109.
^ Reardon, Marguerite. Nokia demos flexible cell phone. CNET News, February 25, 2008. Retrieved on July 20, 2009.
^ "News that witnesses. News.yahoo.com. 26/01/2009. Http://news.yahoo.com/you-witness-news. Retrieved on 07/29/2009.
^ goingcellular.com Powermat wireless charger is available now
^ EUROPA – Press Releases – Harmonization of cargo capacity common charger for mobile phones
^ GSM World Mobile Phone Charger standard agreement. "Http://www.gsmworld.com/newsroom/press-releases/2009/2548.htm.
^ Pressinfo (10/22/2009). Press Release ": universal standard phone charger approved a one size fits all solution to greatly reduce waste and emissions of greenhouse gases. Itu.int. http://www.itu.int/newsroom/press_releases/2009/49.html. Retrieved on 04/11/2009.
^ Daily Mail
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^ "The numbers: five manufacturers of mobile phones in the third quarter of 2008 – RCR Wireless News. Rcrwireless.com. 21/07/2009. http://www.rcrwireless.com/article/20081030/WIRELESS/810309997/. Retrieved on 07/29/2009.
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^ McCullagh, Declan, Reamer Ana (December 1, 2006). "FBI wiretap phones microphone as a tool to listen. CNet News. Http://news.cnet.com/FBI-taps-cell-phone-mic-as-eavesdropping-tool/2100-1029_3-6140191.html. 14/03/2009 consulted.
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^ De Waard, D., Schepers, P., Ormel, W. and Brookhuis, K., 2010, the use of mobile phones while cycling: The incidence and effects on behavior and safety, Ergonomics, Vol 53, No. 1, January 2010, pp 30-42.
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Further reading
Agar, Jon, constant touch: a global history of mobile telephony, 2004 ISBN 1840465417
Tomi Ahonen, m-profits: the money in 3G, 2002, ISBN 0-470-84775-1
Ahonen, Kasper and Melkko, 3G Marketing 2004, ISBN 0-470-85100-7
Fessenden RA (1908). "Cell mobile. Annual Report of the Board of Governors of the Smithsonian: 161 196. Http: / / books.google.com / books? Id = gtQWAAAAYAAJ & pg = PA161. Retrieved on 07/08/2009.
Glotz, Peter, and Bertsch, Stefan, eds. Thumb Culture: The Meaning of Mobile Phones for Society, 2005
James E. Katz And Aakhus, Mark, eds. Perpetual contact: Mobile communications, private talk, public performance, 2002
Kavoori, Anandam and Arceneaux, Noah, eds. The reader Cell Phone: Essays on Social Transformation, 2006
Kopomaa, Timo. The city in your pocket, Gaudeamus 2000
Levinson, Paul, Cellphone: The story means more mobile in the world, and how it has transformed everything!, 2004 ISBN 1-4039-6041-0
Ling, Rich, the Mobile Connection: Impact of telephony cell society, 2004 ISBN 1558609369
Ling, Rich and Pedersen, Per, eds. Mobile Communications: Renegotiation of the Social Sphere, 2005 ISBN 1852339314
Home Rich Ling
Nyri, Kristf, ed. Mobile Communication: Essays on Cognition and Community, 2003
Nyri, Kristf, ed. Mobile Learning: Essays on Philosophy, Psychology and Education, 2003
Nyri, Kristf, ed. Mobile Democracy: Essays on society, self and politics 2003
Nyri, Kristf, ed. A sense of place: the global and local in Mobile Communications, 2005
Nyri, Kristf, ed. Mobile Understanding: The Epistemology of Ubiquitous Communication, 2006
Plant, Dr. Sadie, on the effects of mobile phones in individual and social life, 2001
Howard Rheingold Smart Mobs: The Next Revolution social, 2002 ISBN 0738208612
Singh, Rohit (2009). Mobile phones for development and profit: a win-win scenario. Overseas Development Institute. P. 2. http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/odi-publications/opinions/128-mobile-phones-business-development-private-sector.pdf.
External links
Look for phones Phones in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to mobile
How many cell phones work HowStuffWorks
Number of mobile subscribers by country and 100 interactive world map.
Mobile phone, hear the ring in the video documentary by the Canadian world Broadcasting Corporation
"The Long Journey of the cell phone," 15 photos with captions of Time magazine
Buying Guide for mobile phones
http://www.worldtimezone.com/gsm.html
http://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/opb/sp/T-SP-E.164D-2009-PDF-E.pdf
http://www.itu.int/publ/T-SP-E.164C-2008/en
http://www.gsmworld.com/roaming/gsminfo/
v, d, e
Mobile Phones
General
Local GSM OS Development History
Networks
Network operators Standard comparison Frequencies SIM WAP XHTML-MP Mobile VoIP Mobile Phone Signal
Generation: 0G 1G 2G 3G 4G
Devices
Phone camera makers are factors Smartphones
Applications and Services
Business Banking e-mail the content of IM Health blogs game learning Location Tracking Music News Publishing Research Marketing Pay SMS text messaging MMS Phone Web Ticketing
Culture
Attractions Meetings ring tones Phantom Novels Comics Japanese culture mobile
Health and Environment
Radiation and Health e-waste BlackBerry Thumb
Right
Legality of recording behavior in photography and civil law texting while driving
v, d, e
Mobile standards telecommunications and mobile telephony
0G (radios)
MTS IMTS AMTS BTA MTA MTB MTC MTD Autoradiopuhelin
1G
AMPS NMT, TACS HICAP ETACS Mobitex DataTAC
2G
Family GSM/3GPP
GSM CSD
Family 3GPP2
CdmaOne (IS-95)
Other
D-AMPS (IS-54 and IS-136), iDEN CDPD PDC PHS
2G transition
Family GSM/3GPP
HSCSD, GPRS / EDGE EGPRS
Family 3GPP2
CDMA2000 1xRTT (IS-2000)
Family iDEN
MORE
3G (IMT-2000)
3GPP family
UMTS (UTRAN) WCDMA-FDD WCDMA LCR-TDD UTRA-TDD (TD-SCDMA)
Family 3GPP2
CDMA2000 1xEV-DO (IS-856)
3G transition
3GPP family
HSDPA HSPA + HSUPA LTE (E-UTRA)
Family 3GPP2
EV-DO Rev A EV-DO Rev B
Other
Mobile WiMAX (IEEE 802.16e-2005) Flash-OFDM IEEE 802.20
4G (IMT-Advanced)
3GPP family
LTE Advanced
WiMAX Family
IEEE 802.16m
Related Articles
Benchmarks History list of standards of efficiency theory comparison chart of the frequency spectrum for GSM mobile broadband
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